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29th Conference of the Parties: Expectations, outcomes, and debates around major agenda items

A critical reflection on COP 29 outcomes in Baku, examining negotiations on finance, adaptation, and loss and damage, and the growing gap between global ambition and climate justice.

This article analyzes the expectations and outcomes of COP 29 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, focusing on the new climate finance goal, adaptation progress, and loss and damage mechanisms. It highlights how negotiations often compromise justice-based priorities of developing nations, particularly on finance quality and equity. The piece underscores the urgency of restoring trust, ambition, and fairness in global climate governance to keep the 1.5°C goal alive.

This article was first published on “CPRD” on 20th September, 2025.

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Written by

jayan-nair

Md. Shamsuddoha

 Chief Executive, CPRD
jayan-nair

Sheikh Nur Ataya Rabbi

 Assistant Manager, CPRD
jayan-nair

Tanje-Un Jenat

 Senior Research Officer, CPRD
jayan-nair

Elmee Tabassum

 Assistant Manager
jayan-nair

Shanjia Shams

 Research officer, CPRD